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Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer
The vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880s. This region has a semiarid climate, and for 50 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 years after its settlement, it supported a low-intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming. In the 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater). This 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.
The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.
The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 fattened here.
This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate-that is,virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply-has 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930s, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上
The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. Others, however, have adopted the 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. The 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies.
In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed to transport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 rivers. Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets. Somewhat 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water (water in the soil) above the water table by injecting compressed air into the ground. Even if this 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 process proves successful, however, it would almost triple water 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 costs. Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed. Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.
PaddlePaddle/PaddleNLP
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README.md
PaddleNLP是一款简单易用且功能强大的自然语言处理开发库。聚合业界优质预训练模型并提供开箱即用的开发体验，覆盖NLP多场景的模型库搭配产业实践范例可满足开发者灵活定制的需求。
📝 2022.8.1 PaddleNLP v2.3.5发布！CodeGen 对话式程序生成大模型发布，可Taskflow一键调用；通用信息抽取技术英文模型UIE en正式发布，支持英文各项信息抽取工作； RGL RGL是百度自研的 Prompt-based tuning 小样本学习算法，论文被 Findings of NAACL 2022 它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上 接收，欢迎大家使用！
🍭 2022.6.29 PaddleNLP v2.3.4发布！ERNIE Tiny 全系列中文预训练小模型发布，快速提升预训练模型部署效率，通用信息抽取技术UIE Tiny 系列模型全新升级，支持速度更快效果更好的UIE小模型。
- 💎 发布通用信息抽取技术UIE，单模型支持实体识别、关系和事件抽取、情感分析等多种开放域信息抽取任务，不限领域和抽取目标，支持一键抽取与全流程小样本高效定制开发。
- 😊 发布文心大模型ERNIE 3.0轻量级模型，在CLUE上实现同规模结构效果最佳，并提供 🗜️ 无损压缩和 ⚙️ 全场景部署方案。
- 🏥 发布中文医疗领域预训练模型ERNIE-Health，CBLUE中文医疗信息处理评测冠军模型。
- 💬 发布大规模百亿开放域对话预训练模型PLATO-XL ，配合 ⚡ FasterGeneration ⚡ 快速实现高性能GPU并行推理加速。
📬 2021.12.12 PaddleNLP v2.2发布！新增开箱即用的NLP能力Taskflow！配套语义检索、智能问答、评论观点抽取产业案例，快速搭建端到端NLP系统！配套视频课程直通车！
它比布林通道的准确率要高3倍以上
1 〔数値＋以上〕 以上 yǐshàng ，以外 yǐwài ，不少于 bù shǎo yú ，不止 bùzhǐ ，超过 chāoguò ．
6歳～以上の小児｜超过六岁的儿童 értóng ；（六岁及）六岁以上的儿童．
そのジェット機は時速900キロ～以上出していた｜那架喷气式 pēnqìshì 飞机时速超过了九百公里．
2 〔程度・基準を表す名詞・代名詞＋以上〕 以上 yǐshàng ，超出 chāochū ，更多 gèng duō ，再 zài ．
惨状は想像～以上である｜惨状 cǎnzhuàng 超出想像之外．
3 〔言及時点以前の部分（で），上述（の）〕 以上 yǐshàng ，上述 shàngshù ，前面所述 qiánmiàn suǒ shù ．
「〜回多く」の数字 more timesと「〜倍」の数字 times more
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